Unit – VIII
Colonial Economy: Changing Composition, Volume and Direction of Trade.
Expansion and Commercialization of Agriculture, Land Rights, Land Settlements, Rural Indebtedness, Landless Labour, Irrigation and Canal System.
Decline of Industries – Changing Socio-Economic Conditions of Artisans; De-urbanisation; Economic Drain; World Wars and Economy.
British Industrial Policy; Major Modern Industries; Nature of Factory Legislation; Labour and Trade Union Movements.
Monetary Policy, Banking, Currency and Exchange, Railways and Road Transport, Communications – Post & Telegraph.
Growth of New Urban Centres; New Features of Town Planning and Architecture, Urban Society and Urban Problems.
Famines, Epidemics and the Government Policy.
Tribal and Peasant Movements.
Indian Society in Transition: Contact with Christianity – the Missions and Missionaries; Critique of Indian Social and Economic Practices and Religious Beliefs; Educational and Other Activities.
The New Education – Government Policy; Levels and Contents; English Language; Development of Science, Technology, Public Health & Medicine – Towads Modernism.
Indian Renaissance – Socio-Religious Reforms; Emergence of Middle Class; Caste Associations and Caste Mobility.
Women’s Question – Nationalist Discourse; Women’s Organisations; British Legislation concerning Women, Gender Identity & Constitutional Position.
The Printing Press – Journalistic Activity and the Public opinion.
Modernisation of Indian Languages and Literary Forms – Reorientation in Painting, Music and Performing Arts.